Topic Developement 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Topic Developement 3 - Essay Example Therefore, this study will attempt to answer the following questions: i. What is the legal definition of bankruptcy and what are the causes and consequences of bankruptcy? ii. What are the various forms of bankruptcy and what are the legal procedures applicable in declaring a company bankrupt? iii. What is the chronological evolution of bankruptcy in the USA? iv. What are the tendencies and signs pointing to bankruptcy of a company and what are the technical financial details of bankruptcy? v. How can bankruptcy be mitigated and what is the role played by other disciplines such as psychology and management in mitigating the effects of bankruptcy? Through answering these questions, it will be possible to thoroughly cover the concept of bankruptcy, right from its evolution to the current state, highlighting the tendencies and the signs indicating that a company is headed for bankruptcy, as well as addressing how the state of bankruptcy can be mitigated. Additionally, the role of certai n disciplines in addressing bankruptcy will be evaluated, to create an understanding of the interrelationships between various disciplines. This study will take the form of qualitative research design, where the historical background of bankruptcy will be analyzed, with a view to understanding the chronological changes in bankruptcy laws, up to the current laws applicable. The study will also take the form of a case study, where it will analyze the historical bankruptcy of certain companies in the USA. The focus of this analysis will be an inquiry into the causes of the bankruptcy, what laws and legal procedures were applied to declare those companies bankrupt and what were the consequences of the declaration of bankruptcy to the company and to tits stakeholders. Further, the study will engage in probing the attempts made by various companies to revive themselves from the state of bankruptcy, and how successful their strategies were, to revive the companies. The study will also enga ge in comparing bankruptcy for different companies, evaluating how such companies addressed the issue of bankruptcy and determining which companies were successful and which ones were not. In so doing, it will be possible to determine the most appropriate strategies that are applicable in addressing the issue of bankruptcy for companies. Additionally, the role of various disciplines such as psychology and management in helping the companies address their state of bankruptcy will be analyzed, with a focus to understanding the relationship between the concept of business, management and psychology. This will be followed by recommendations on how companies can address bankruptcy, based on the success factors identifiable under different company case studies. The effect of bankruptcy in the economy is yet another focus of this study. Bankruptcy offers an individual or an organization the opportunity to start afresh, through forgiving the debts that cannot be paid and strategizing on the way forward (Ekvall & Smiley, 2007). Additionally, the declaration of bankruptcy gives the creditors an opportunity to measure the extent of their debt repayment, based on the assets of the organization that are available. This way, the declaration of bankruptcy is beneficial to the economy, since it serves to untie and set free the resources held by the redundant business, which are then re-invested into the economy with much vigor (Ekvall & Smiley,

What is news and which are the influences exercised on the daily news Essay

What is news and which are the influences exercised on the daily news production processes Discuss critically the pressures put upon news gathering, selection - Essay Example What exactly is news? What is it about news that makes it an integral part of us? What is there in the words we hear and read that make us feel equal with almost every great leader and genius out there? Learning something from the news we hear and having the ability to discuss it with anyone make us feel as if we have become an important part of the world. And we are. This is the reason why we feel connected with almost every person, regardless of the color of our skin and the language of our tongue. With the ever-growing presence of technologies developed each day, there’s no reason for us to feel alone whenever something happens to us, may it be victory or tragedy, because we know that some people from the next town or halfway around the world share our feelings. A good story answers those questions above and contains all the elements therein to create and report complete and accurate news. And while there’s good news, there’s also the bad news, those that were badly written and reported. No reporter, writer, editor, and publisher can escape the production of bad news but there are always ways to avoid mistakes and errors. There is a big definition of news out there that we can’t simply put them all in one complete line. In defining news, we have to consider the presence of all the elements in it that makes news. Otherwise, we could end up having something new and uncommon but doesn’t really make us care about it. It was like eating an unusual type of fruit for the very first time but the moment we try to make something big out of it, we realized nobody even bothered to care. That is not news at all. There are a number of elements to remember before we start writing about a person, an event, or a place. According to Parks (2006), these will serve as the guiding values when we write and present news stories. Anything that happened yesterday, this morning, or an hour ago tends to attract more

Reserch Into Memory Recall Essay Example for Free

Reserch Into Memory Recall Essay The main three systems of operation of memory are known as the Multi-Store Model (Atkinson amp; Schiffrin 1968), the Working Model of Memory (Baddeley amp; Hitch 1974), and Levels of Processing Model of Memory (Craig amp; Lockhart 1972). Multi Store Model Figure [ 1 ] http://www. smartpsych. co. uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/msmmodel2. png Key features of MSM: * Three types of memory stores – sensory, short term and long term (any stimulus must pass through one or more of these in sequence). Each store retains a different amount of information based on how much the store can retain. * Each of the stores retains a different amount of information in a different way and for a varying length of time. The sensory memory is responsible for taking the information from one of the sensory organs and holding it in that format, prior to transferring the data to the short term memory, and then dependent on the form of rehearsal (either by maintenance or elaborative rehearsal), is stored in either the STM or LTM. The information from any one of the sensory organs is encoded into the STM as one of the following: * Iconic (visual) stored as an image. * Echoic (acoustic) Auditory input from the ears and stored as a sound. * Taste * Haptic (touch) * Smell An example of Iconic sensory storage was demonstrated by Sperling (1960), whereby he tested participants by using a tachistoscope which flashed pictures onto a blank screen for a very brief amount of time. He then tested them on their ability to recall as many of them as possible from a grid of twelve that he would display for one twentieth of a second. His findings showed that whilst they could only recall approximately four images, the overall suggestion was that they had seen a lot more, but not enough time to record them. The presentation of the images was followed by three tone levels of high, medium or low which instructed the participants which rows they should focus their iconic memory on. Recall rate recorded was on verage three out of the four symbols from any one row, which suggests that the iconic store has a retention capacity of approximately 76%. Sperling reported that if a delay occurred between both the presentation of the grid and the sounding of the tone then an increasing amount of information would be lost gradually (50% after 0. 3 seconds and 67% after 1 second delay) (Baddley, 2002). The short term memory has a retention duration of 0-18 seconds, and a capacity of 7(+/-2), as demonstrated by Miller’s (1956) experiment of chunking. He discovered that our capacity to retain information can be increased by chunking large amounts of information together, otherwise referred to as trigrams (3 letter combinations). The length of time information can be retained is only a few seconds in the STM if not rehearsed, whereas rehearsal can increase that from anywhere from a few seconds too years. Peterson and Peterson (1959) found that the STM fades in under half a minute if not rehearsed, within 3 seconds this is reduced by 80% and only 10% of information remains after 18 seconds. The LTM (long term memory) has an unlimited duration and capacity, although these memories can decay over time and become displaced (shunted out of the way in place of new ones). Long term encoding can be semantically associated in which by we link things together, such as school, tie, and teacher. Although there is the possibility of incorrectly making additional connections dependent on the individual LTM and what is personally associated with the key word.

The relationship between social and health problems

The relationship between social and health problems Abstract: The term Social Problems is a misnomer and is an admission of the fact that the actual nature and constitution of the situation has not been deliberated at depth. When senior people see that the rules and behavioural patterns they have held so dear are getting challenged they term it as creation of problems. Criticising the social order that is emerging is the easiest way to admit defeat. The brave and sensible way is to accept the challenges and find ways and means of retaining the value system – may be with certain modifications – that has been followed for generations. In this way the young generation can adjust to the social changes and yet remain healthy and flourish in life. Introduction: The present day health issues are very closely related to the current social set up and coming into existence of a new set of social norms and values. While most of the social norms and values are traceable to and intimately related to the economic factors yet there is a trend of getting carried away by foreign cultures and their different social bearings. The pressure on the present day youth for being economically successful is very high and this gives a peculiar dimension to these ‘youngsters’ way of life which is enormously different to the type of pressures felt by the previous generations. While on one hand parents expect their children to become successful – which is a decent way of saying that they earn pots and pots of money – on the other the boys and girls are expected to follow the same set of social rules which has been followed by the ‘elders’ for generations. Thus the social problems have many causes but one significant reason is the inability of the older generations to accept and adjust to the changes in the society which is inevitable. The main problem that surfaced is that previous generation weighed the social structure of today by the norms and values that were taught to them quite a few decades back. The ground reality has changed rapidly and the senior generations are still getting guided by the rules of the game of yesteryears. The world is changing faster than it ever did before and the changes are not only very wide and rapid but are also very deep penetrating. Thus the changes are in effect causing social ‘evils’ as seen by the previous outlook but in reality the developments of the world is going on for centuries and what is being called as social problems is a manifestation of the inability to change and adjust to the new life order. Discussion: As stated in the introduction above, it is evident that there is need to face the societal changes that are coming up every day. In order to examine the situation in depth, three generation of society were interviewed to get to the bottom of the problem. The first were the generation of grandparents – who learned their ways of life some fifty to sixty years back. The next set consisted of parents i.e. father and mother group of today’s youngsters and they learned what they believe to be correct social norms some twenty-five to thirty year back. The final subset consisted of growing boys and girls of today and consisted of college and university students. These are the people who are bearing the brunt of the social problems which in turn is having a serious effect on their health. The first set of people consisting of grandparents carried fixed and set ideas about what the societal norms and beliefs are supposed to be. They saw no reason for changing those norms and beliefs. The behavioral norms were very strictly defined and centered around simple living and high thinking with very little emphasis and importance – if any at all – being paid to the economic progress and well being. They had lived their life in a very definite way and firmly believed that what was good for them is also god for their grandchildren today. Above all, their firm belief that ‘one size fits all’ concept as far as social behavior is concerned was much too firm for accommodating any updating necessitated by the present day life style. This brought about the severe view of the present day social interactions and the resultant problems. They knew that they had lived their life and were in no mood to accommodate or even tolerate the changing pattern of social values and norms. The best thing is that – in fact it should be called the worst thing – is that his set of people failed to see the few very good aspects of the changing patterns of social behavior. They invariably were quick to point out the drawbacks without for a moment acknowledging the good and beneficial aspects of the emerging new social order. The second set of people who were interviewed represented the parents. This group had its own problems. They fully appreciated the beneficial aspects of the change but were hesitant to admit the same since it clashed with what they were taught as the ideal way of social behavior. They too saw the problems of the present social setups and behavioral patterns but at the same time knew that there is no stopping of the changes coming about. Further they saw the new order did bring new problems but at the same time it encouraged the democratic institutions so very necessary for the well being of the future generations. They wanted to break away from the traditional social order and get into the flow of development of the new order. However, they had reached an age where they were unable to be adventurous and were cautious about accepting the changes. This gave rise to a very unbalanced state since while in their heart of hearts they knew that what was seen as social problems were more of aberrations of their viewing the outcomes than causing difficulties for the new generations. Yes, they wanted their children to bag high-pay job offers but at the same time wanted their children to stick to the ‘five prayers a day’ schedule despite the demands of their job conditions. This kind of situation is prevalent not only in the Middle East but such situation also exists in most of the emerging economies like Brazil, India, China, Pakistan etc. This group, like the previous group of grandparents, also quickly saw the social problems – but with a difference. This group simultaneously tried to find a solution which would accommodate the social change and at the same time keep a balance with the past so that the health (both mental as well as physical) hazards were contained. This is a very healthy indicator of the changes in social order being slowly accepted and though it is a slow process but it is a sure process. The present social norms have taken centuries to develop; it is very likely that the new social order will take some time to settle down. The last group consisted of the people of the below twenty-five age group. The first priority for this group was a better and more comfortable way of life. They valued democracy in all walks of life. They carried no negative feelings for the age old systems and gave full credit to the social order which has seen their predecessors to reach the current state. Yet when any of the social behavioral patterns got into the way of their achieving the goal they so cherished they did not hesitate to set aside the existing social norms. They were ready to burn the midnight lamp if that meant getting higher grades which would translate into their landing better jobs. Yes this was a potential health hazard but it also promised attainment of their dream goals. These groups wanted to make it big and for achieving this they were ready to take on with a ‘no-holds-barred’ situation. Good health is basic pre- requisite of good life. Without having good heath one will lose the very capacity for any human pursuit – from the grossest to the subtlest. He will not be able to enjoy the fruits of his toil. Health does not mean absence of diseases but it implies the possession and cultivation of a physically fit, morally strong and mentally alert individual who is able to meet the physical demands of life pursuits with full vigour and enthusiasm. The present day society seeks comforts, conveniences and freedom from drudgeries and wants to avoid working on monotonous, back-breaking and tedious chores from dawn to dusk – except out of compulsion. They prefer freedom from all hindrances and choose democratic way of life. Democracy for them is not just a merely form of government but it is a foundational societal value and hence they prefer a democratic society. In such a preferred democratic society values of freedom, equality, respect for the individual, collective decision making and the right to dissent should be inbuilt into the social arrangements and transactions. The young people with a democratic bent of mind respected the rights and freedoms of other people. They treated people at the level of equality and were tolerant of the views and opinions which were different from their own. When they were invested with authority they would use it with care and that too for the common benefit of people. Instead of imposing their views on others they would look for a consensus solution for making any collective decision. While the first group (grandparents) stood out by their intolerant attitude, this group of young citizens were endowed with refined, liberal and humanistic values. Though the members of the first group found the young people as creators of all trouble and labelled them as ‘rebels’ the younger generation were accepting their new found status of that of a rebel with alarming ease and comfort. They knew that if they stuck to the ways of the senior citizens then the possibilities of their realising their dreams of making it big would never materialise. There is ample historical evidence which go to prove that change – be it social, economic, technological or even environment – are all here to stay. Either one makes himself capable to adjust to the change or the process of change will eliminate them for good. Now, SOCIETY is an organisation for cooperative working to ensure human development, through production and distribution of sharable social goods. Society is made up of various constituents like individuals, different classes and groups, social, economic institutions and many more. In UAE and other Middle East countries the individual goals and the collective goals are often in conflict with each other. Yet the main objective of any developing and healthy society is to ensure human development which is not restricted to social, political, economic issues but also the development of the members on a total basis which would include health, formality and above all the value system of life. As stated earlier, one of the major aim of any society is to ensure production and distribution of sharable social goods like roads, transportation, water, electricity, health care and a host of other facilities. Opportunities and means of gainful employment, jobs, career and other rightful and legitimate means of seeking personal economic betterment are also to be treated as part of sharable social goods. Thus, the social changes taking place in every country and in every society aim at providing better opportunities and means of gainful employment and suitable jobs to the members of the society. There is no harm if the young people of today seek better standards of living and are prepared to dissociate themselves from the social norms which prevent their advancement in life. Conclusion: To sum up the entire picture it is necessary to understand that the so called Social problems are the result of the failure to appreciate the wisdom behind each and every change that is taking place in the world around. Older people who have lived their lives may conveniently call such changes as resulting in problems causing health hazards but such changes are for ‘GREATER GOOD’ and hence should be accepted if not welcomed. The budding Engineer or Manager or Professor faces an uphill task and shying away from sharing the gains available today is certainly not wise. Though the severe challenges may prove to be a health hazard in the short run but over time people will learn to cope with it and emerge the winner. Thus finding faults with the social problems is the weak person’s way of handling the changes taking place in the milieu. A strong and healthy individual will take the bull by its horns and will certainly succeed in controlling the social changes to his advantage.

Transnational Race and the Black Movement Essay -- Race History

The United States and Latin America have seen their fair shares of inequality and hardships when it comes to those of the minority status. Minorities have successfully fought back in the timeless battle to achieve equality, rather it be with those of their own race, or from different ethnic backgrounds. When groups are able to coexist, their ideologies are expressed to one another and at times are able to influence different groups on their attitudes toward different subjects. Now that immigration has astronomically increased to the United States, the idea of this country as a â€Å"melting pot† has never been more correct. Being that more individuals are turning to the United States for permanent residence, race has obtained multiple definitions over the course of history, resulting from the ever-changing racial makeup of the United States and Latin America. The black movement has also contributed to the change in racial identification from the early 20th century up until to day, resulting in transnational ideologies of race. These two changes have culminated into the current culture that is taking over America, and making it into a more diversified nation. As the election of President Barack Obama proved to America and others around the world that this country was moving past race, the importance of transnational ideologies and race in America have led to a society that does not turn to race first, but instead looks at the beliefs and attitudes of those around it. When looking around the world at different races, it is easy to compare some of the sentiment toward these races to the very same attitudes American citizens have against them in the United States. Mark Anderson discusses how certain stereotypes about blacks have diffuse... ...rican American president, how far will we go in ensuring that race is a thing of the past? Works Cited Anderson, Mark. "Bad Boys and Peaceful Garifuna." In Neither Enemies nor Friends, by Anani Dzidzienyo and Oboler Suzanne, 101-115. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2005. DeScipio, Louis. "Transnational politics and civic engagement : do home-country political ties limit Latino immigrant pursuit of US civic engagement and citizenship?" In Transforming politics, transforming America : the political and civic incorporation of immigrants in the United States, by S. Karthick Ramakrishnan, and Ricardo Ramà ­rez Taeku Lee, n/a. Charlottesville: UVA Press, 2006. Lewis, Hope. "Transnational Dimensions of Race in America." Albany Law Review, 2009: 999-1028. Sawyer, Mark Q. Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba. New York City: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Sri Lanka - Light at the End of the Tunnel? Essay -- Politics Governme

Sri Lanka - Light at the End of the Tunnel? The Sunday, March 3, 2002 issue of â€Å"The New York Times† featured an article by Barbara Crossette, â€Å"The War on Terror Points a Country Toward Peace. The second sentence of this article stated: "A week ago, the government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, one of Asia's most ruthless and totalitarian rebel movements, agreed to a firm cease-fire, with the promise of peace talks to come".[1] But are the LTTE planning on keeping their promises this time? Is Sri Lanka's 20 year old struggle finally coming to its end? Is there a light at the end of the tunnel? The history of the conflict extends into colonial times, when Sri Lanka was a formal colony of Great Britain. Even then â€Å"politics were already split along rigid ethnic lines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [2] Sri Lanka is populated by two ethnic groups, the Tamils and the Sinhalese. The Tamils constitute only 15% of the total population in Sri Lanka. But, according to Stuart Bell from National Post, the Sinhalese still feel as a â€Å"minority within the wider region†[3], because of Sri Lanka’s geographic position, only 30 kilometers off the coast of India’s Tamil Nadu. Another factor to be taken into consideration is that Sri Lanka is the only place in the world that the Sinhalese culture exists in. There is no question that the Sinhalese feel even more threatened because of that. Additional differences adding oil to the fire between the two groups are: language (Tamil vs. Sinhala); religion (mostly Hindu vs. Buddhist); history interpretations; moral superiority claims; question of the original inhibition of the island. The post-colonial government took the path of an extreme pro-Sinhalese mood, after coming into power on Februa... ...n the weapons inflow. The LTTE have also been loosing their legitimacy among their supporters. Secondly, the country itself, seems to also have grown extremely weary of the constant human and economic sacrifices. Both sides, it seems, can’t go on, and are very ready to compromise. And thirdly, the growing global no-tolerance atmosphere itself, as mentioned earlier, is playing an important role in taming the tigers this time. As â€Å"The Hindu† asserts: â€Å"†¦the post-September 11 world might prove an increasingly tough place even for groups that fight their battles within a defined geographical territory in remote corners of the globe, like the LTTE, to use terror as a strategy.†[19] I think, that the combination of these three factors might result to be just the right mix to, finally, put an end to a 20-year long war in Sri Lanka. And the country will see the light.

Youth Violence on the Possession of Firearms in School

Despite nationwide gun-free school laws that prohibit possession of a firearm on or near the property of a public or private school, students are bringing guns to school and using them against their fellow students and teachers with increasing frequency. What possesses these students to gun down their classmates? How are these students getting access to firearms? Who is ultimately responsible for these tragedies? What stresses contribute to these shootings? And how are parents and educators missing the warning signs that these children have reached the breaking point? Over the past few years, there have been an astronomical number of school shootings across the country, sending policy makers, parents, teachers, and other concerned citizens into a tailspin. These events are becoming more frequent and have shattered the sense of safety that children should have when they are in school. Shootings by students, some as young as 10, have occurred at sickeningly regular intervals in urban towns like Pearl, Mississippi, Jonesboro, Arkansas, Fayetteville, Tennessee and most recently Littleton, Colorado, where 12 students and 1 teacher lost their lives at the hand of two teen shooters who took their own lives. Firearm violence falls second only to automobile-related deaths, as the leading cause of injury-related death, in the United States. By the year 2003, firearm fatalities are projected to become the United States leading cause of injury-related death, unless the violence is curbed. In 1991, Texas and Louisiana saw firearm fatalities surpass automobile fatalities, and Virginia and Nevada also have continued this trend. In fact, the firearm death rate is increasing faster than any other cause of death except AIDS related fatalities. Recent public attention has focused on the problem of gun violence in the nation†s schools. A 1994 Gallup poll of Americans, for the first time, fighting, violence, and gangs have moved to the top of the list to tie with lack of discipline as the biggest problem facing schools. It is difficult to determine what effect the threat of violence has upon the learning of each student, but clearly education takes a back seat to one†s own sense of security and well being. According to a survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control, one in 20 high school students carry a gun and one in five students would tell a teacher if he or she knew of another student carrying weapons to school. Theories differ about where young people get their guns. School security experts and law enforcement officials estimate that 80% of the firearms students bring to school come from home, while students estimate that 40% of their peers who bring guns to school buy them on the street. The United States has weaker firearm regulations and higher numbers of deaths involving firearms than all other industrialized nations. The greatest tragedy of gun violence is the tremendous numbers of children and youth killed or injured each year by firearms. These numbers continue to increase at alarming rates. According to Gunfree.Org, in 1985, the number of firearm homicides for youth 19 years and younger was 1,339, in 1995, it was 2, 574. In 1995, guns accounted for 84% of homicides of persons 13 to 19 years of age. Averages of 14 youth each day are killed by gunshots. A group studying juvenile violence in Multhomah County, Oregon identified the inadequate response of the juvenile justice system to students expelled for possessing weapons in schools, the need for additional efforts to detect weapons, and anti-violence education in schools as primary concerns. We must, as a society, recognize that there is a cycle of violence and that violence breeds more violence. There is no single answer to the problem of violence. A multi-faceted approach is needed. Prevention must be a priority. According to a ‘Public Health† Approach, recognition of three levels of prevention activities is essential: Primary prevention: These are interventions directed at people who have no obvious risk factors for development of violence. An example would be teaching grade school children to deal constructively with anger and conflict. Secondary prevention: These activities are directed to those who show clear-cut risk factors for violence. An example would be training in anger management for people who have a history of arguments or fighting. Tertiary prevention: These activities are directed toward minimizing the danger caused by those who have displayed violent behavior. Examples include interventions to allow gang-established patterns of serious or repeated violence. Any approach to violence must include education carried out in various ways and settings including collaboration among community groups, businesses, the schools, and government. Most of all, the parents must get involved. Schools offer the opportunity to reach a substantial percentage of the youth population and teach them skills aimed at the reduction of violence. Teachers are able to identify early on problem youth and families. Schools represent an important site to convey the message of society against weapons and violence. An important part of the anti-violence prevention strategy aimed at all youth is increasing the efforts to detect weapons in schools. While schools are already vigilant about responding to individuals when specific knowledge is available about weapons possession, this approach has not addressed concerns and perceptions that a number of weapons are present in schools undetected. Expanding the commitment to zero tolerance for weapons in schools would also better communicate to youth community standards, assuming that adequate consequences are in place. Most weapons are found through reporting by a concerned student. Such reporting should be praised.