Good Communication Within A Business Environment - 1636 Words

Abstract Communication is one of the most important skills that people utilize everyday. Mainly people use this to exchange ideas and develop interpersonal relationships. The specific reasons it is key to have good communication within a business environment is that it will assist in the success of a business as well as developing required professional relationships. Research has been conducted into six of the most key communication aspects that effect businesses in the previous sentences. These six are; communication channel, non-verbal communication, correct wording, cultural conflicts, personal perception and he quantity of communication. If these aspects are not considered for a reasonable amount of time before the commencement of a day they can have detrimental affects on the business, by business relationships being damaged, or never formed, and without these relationships it will be harder for a business to succeed. Before we can discuss why communication is vital we must define it, it is defined as â€Å"The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium.† (Oxford, 2015) Communication is key based on this definition not only in business but also just in life. It is also a difficult object to get right, and needs to be planned thoroughly before continuing. (Dewatripont Triole 2005, p. 1217) This supported by many other authors. The question has been posed, â€Å"Does communication always have a positive effect on a business?†Show MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Effective Communication And Organizational Efficiency1123 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship between effective communication and organizational efficiency, showing in particular how communication barriers may impact adversely on an organisation. This essay will focus on the relationship between effective communication and organizational efficiency, highlighting the main barriers in communication and their consequences. In order to facilitate the understanding of this relationship, it is very important to comprehend the purpose of communication in business and the meaning of effectiveRead MoreQuestions On Common Business Communication Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Business Communication Problems â€Æ' BUS 100 Professional Communication Skills Semester 1, 2016 Common Business Communication Problems Presented By: Vishal Sharma – 11600767 Dipit Shrestha -11600745 Tutorial no. 2 Task = 2 kings Own Institute ABSTRACT COMMUNICATION , which is part of a function of management in business world plays a major role in functioning the business. In workfull environment ,our returns of services will not be accomplished without a good way ofRead MoreWorld Police1072 Words   |  5 PagesEffective Communication in the Workplace Dominic Defalco BUS100 Intro To Business Grace Flannigan 11/8/2015 In the fast-paced world that we live in, communication has become a way of life, especially within the business environment. From a managers point of view, communication is the key to the success of many objectives and goals set by individuals and upper management. Unfortunately, management at every level is experiencing increased tension andRead MoreBusiness and Admin Unit 1 Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesUnit one: Principles of personal responsibilities and working in a business environment Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your MyRead MoreCommunication Is the Main Essence of Knowledge and Understanding. the Emphasis on Cross Cultural Communication Has Increased Due to the Ever Growing Global Environment, of Which, This Case Is a Perfect Example. Canadian1494 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is the main essence of knowledge and understanding. The emphasis on cross cultural communication has increased due to the ever growing global environment, of which, this case is a perfect example. Canadian Bank of Nova Scotia increased their share in Inverlat, the Mexican Bank to 54% and took control of the management. Soon after that, BNS started the restructuring process of Inverlat and sent a team of Canadian managers to Mexico. Cross cultural communications was a major issue betweenRead MoreThe Communication Policy At Movies Under The Stars Drive851 Words   |  4 PagesThe communication policy at Movies Under the Stars Drive In Movie Theater is similar to the communication policy used by the military. In the military a chain of command is used to distribute and receive all information. The same concept applies to this organization but on a much smaller scale. Movies Under the Stars utilizes a serial method of communication for communicating upward; where information is passed up the chain until it reaches the final level (Aamodt, 2014). Since the company is smallRead MoreBarriers to Effective Communication Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ability to communicate very effectively and efficiently within their companies. This is because they are the managers those who do run the company and therefore they need to be excellent in dealing with people. However, when the issue of communication is discussed, it is understood that there are more than two people in communication. Moreover, as there would be a number of people working in organisations, there is a lot of communication among companies’ staff everyday. From this context, it canRead More Work Environment Paper1015 Words   |  5 Pages Work Environment Paper Good communication skills are imperative for organizations to carry out in an attempt to maintain outstanding performance from employees and management. Every workplace is unique in terms of their diversity profile therefore, is it vital for organization to create and execute creative communication methodologies that will enable organizations to develop a community rather than just your average run of the mill work environment. For example, active listening, collective goalRead MoreThe Internal Dynamics Of Riordan Manufacturing929 Words   |  4 Pagescompany’s chances of success by implementing new business strategies. The implementation of new strategies can change the culture and structural leadership dynamics of the organization. Riordan Manufacturing currently implements a type of hybrid structure; it is a mixture of functional structure and divisional structure. This can be a troublesome structure style, as it creates many communication gaps between different departm ents and divisions within the company. This makes it more difficult inRead MoreInternal Dynamics, Leadership, And Business Strategy937 Words   |  4 PagesInternal Dynamics, Leadership, Business Strategy The internal dynamics of Riordan Manufacturing must evolve continuously to stay relevant in the market and to retain or increase the company’s chances of success by implementing new business strategies. The implementation of new strategies can change the culture and structural leadership dynamics of the organization. Riordan Manufacturing currently implements a type of hybrid structure; it is a mixture of functional structure and divisional structure

Essay about Lord of the Flies Civilization vs Savagery

The human mind is made of up two instincts that constantly have conflict: the instinct to live by society’s rules and the instinct to live by your own rules. Our civilized will has been to live morally by law and order, and our savage will has been to act out for our own selfish needs. We each choose to live by one or the other depending on how we feel is the correct way to live. In this allegorical novel, William Golding represents the transformation from civilization to savagery in the conflict between two of the main characters: Ralph who represents law and order and Jack who represents savagery and violence. Lord of the Flies has remained a very controversial novel to this day with its startling, brutal, and truthful picture of the†¦show more content†¦After several failed attempts, he finally accomplishes his goal, but with a price; he ruins the boys chances of being rescued by letting the signal fire go out and not taking it as seriously as he should. He continu ously claims that, â€Å"We can light the fire again† (58); his will to be rescued is waning slowly. Ralph addresses these issues with his group expecting them to be re-motivated, but the boys have surprisingly ignored him and resumed playing. Instead of caring about being rescued, the boys start caring more about hunting and doing an interpretive dance inspired by hunting pigs, including one time with Robert â€Å"†¦screaming and struggling with the strength of frenzy†(101). With progressing events, the boys are becoming more and more irresponsible, and their chance of going back to civilization is fading quickly. Soon, a deadly turn of events will ignite their carelessness into something more dangerous and completely unexpected. The downward spiral towards the boys’ strategy actually started in the beginning of the book. To hunt successfully, Jack decided to use clay and charcoal for camouflage against the pigs’ awareness; this later becomes a trend for his hunters especially when â€Å"the mask compelled them† to kill (53). A new and frightening advancement to the clay paint is the pig’s blood, which Smith 3 shows how increasingly comfortable Jack’s tribe is becoming with hunting and savagery. As soon as Jack creates his own tribe, heShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies - Civilization vs Savagery2896 Words   |  12 Pageswar, Golding resumed teaching and wrote his first novel, Lord of the Flies. Lord Of The Flies tells us the story of a handful of young schoolboys who had been marooned on an island as the plane that they were travelling, on to escape the war was shot down. The only survivors were the passengers, British schoolchildren between the ages of six and thirteen. It revolves around how the children cope without the structure of authority, civilization and the watchful eye of grown ups. Though the novel isRead MoreLord of the Flies Allegory: Civilization vs. Savagery Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Allegory: Civilization vs. Savagery Every human has a primal instinct lying within them. It is not a question of how close to the actual surface it dwells, but rather how well an individual controls and copes with it. In a state of prolonged anguish and panic, what is one truly capable of? Can one remain sophisticated or will the temptation of their dark subconscious take over, bringing out the barbarianism which exists in us all? William Golding’s Lord of the Flies exploresRead MoreLord Of The Flies Civilization Vs Savagery Analysis1209 Words   |  5 PagesCivilization as a whole is capable of savagery if they do not recognize their own flaws. In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, a group of British schoolboys are stuck on an island. In this World War II allegorical story, savagery is infectious and spreading quickly. The struggle of civilization versus savagery and the dream of rescue are the main focus of the boys. The author uses the way Ralph changes throughout the novel to illustrate how cl ose humans are to savagery if they do notRead MoreCivilization Vs. Savagery In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies925 Words   |  4 PagesSince the dawn of time, humans have been evolving their behavior and way of life. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, he puts a group of boys on an island with a choice. Stay civilized while following rules and attempting to be rescued or tap into their primal instincts and lose all sense of humanity and morality. The theme of civilization versus savagery can be seen in the boys struggle to remain civil as demonstrated through Ralph and Jack’s conflict, Their growing fear for their safety, andRead MoreTheme Of Lord Of The Flies And The Guide Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesMD. Moazzam Hossain ID NO. 133013040 ENG 302 The Novel-1 Submitted to: Ms Arifa Rahaman Date: 09.12.2015 Theme of ‘Lord of The Flies’ and ‘The Guide’ ‘Lord of the flies’(1954) and ‘The guide’(1958) are the two novels written by famous novelists William Golding and R.K. Narayan. ‘Lord of the Flies’ portrays the story of a group of British boys trapped on an abandoned island who try to administrate themselves with catastrophic results and On the other side, R.K. Narayan quite consciouslyRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding932 Words   |  4 Pages For this essay, I will be discussing two particular themes from a novel called Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 after World War II. Ruler of the Flies is a purposeful anecdote about something that many readers can’t really describe. Individuals cant choose precisely what. Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the NavyRead MoreThe Lord Of The Fl ies1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of English schoolboys marooned on a tropical island after their plane is shot down during a war. Though the novel is fictional, its exploration of the idea of human evil is at least partly based on Golding’s experience with the real-life violence and brutality of World War II. Free from the rules and structures of civilization and society, the boys on the island in Lord of the Flies descend into savagery. Golding’s experience in World War II had aRead MoreCivilization Versus Savagery in Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† was written by William Golding to demonstrate the problems of society and the sinful nature of man. Golding uses symbols, characters and objects to represent his main ideas and themes. The conch was used to call meetings but is also symbolic of the government structure and power. One of the main themes in the novel â€Å"Civilization vs. Savagery† is fought between two egos, Jack the Id who represents savagery and the desire for power and Ralph the Ego and protagonistRead MoreThe Beast That Burned Lord Of The Flies Analysis721 Words   |  3 PagesThe Beast that Burned In William Golding’s striking novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding explains human descent through the beast and the burning fire. The beast is a pressing topic that follows the boys throughout the novel. The boys attempt across the novel to discover what sort of the creature the beast is and destroy it. But what is the beast? Is it a terrible monster? No, the beast is the savagery that exists inside the boys. One of the first signs that Golding conveys that the beast lives insideRead MoreLord of the Flies- Evil948 Words   |  4 Pagesdefines it? Mr. Golding believes that evil is intrinsic to human beings; he shows some examples of evil in the Lord of the Flies, in a form called bullying. Bullying increases the bully’s self-confidence, while it lowers the victim’s, in this case Jack harass Piggy to increase his self-assurance. Humans have two desires that conflict with each other: to live by civilization and to live by savagery. The civilized impulse we have is to live peacefully, morally, and by rules and laws. The savage characteristic

Lying of Doctors to the Patients of ICU

Question: Describe about the Report for Lying of Doctors to the Patients of ICU? Answer: It is often a matter of debate that whether a physician should tell the truth to patient in order to relieve their anxieties and fears. Numerous arguments based on this context have been enlisted until date, which in turn denotes various parameters of human communication. Not telling the truth in a doctor-patient relationship often requires a special attention. This is mainly because the patients may be harmed to a greater scale. It can be clearly assumed that not only is the patient autonomous is undermines, but the patients who are not told the truth about a particular intervention might experience a loss of trust, which is often essential for healing purposes (Quill et al., 2015). Honesty plays a vital role in this entire interaction, which is often seemed to be manipulated by the health practitioners, particularly for the ICU patients. Based on the Classical Natural Law Tradition (initiating from Augustine and continuing with Aquinas) it can be stated that lying is a sin. However in the factor of medical parameter the factor of moral truth vs. epistemological intervention often seem to encounter to a huge scale by the medical professionals which tend to initiate the factor of uncertainties among the patients. The patients associated to the ICU units are often found to be in a state of bewilderment regarding the health care condition (Ford et al., 2013). This often hampers the medical condition for the patient to a huge extent. Based on the evidence of Doctor-Patient relationship, it can be clearly argued that it is not erroneous by the medical practitioners to hide the truth regarding improper prognosis or diagnosis. According to the famous Novel The Death of Ivan Illich by Leo Tolstoy, it can be clearly analyzed that lying was the right thing to do in several circumstances, which was related to patient- doctor relationship (Wade, 2015). One of the most famous line from the stated novel can be highlighted in order to support the argument, i.e. This deception tortured him--their not wishing to admit what they all knew and what he knew, but wanting to lie to him concerning his terrible condition, and wishing and forcing him to participate in that lie. Those lies--lies enacted over him on the eve of his death and destined to degrade this awful, solemn act to the level of their visiting, their curtains, their sturgeon for dinner--were a terrible agony for Ivan Ilych. Thus, from this quote it can be stated that Sigmund Freud paid effective attention to the subtleties of the patient- doctor relationship than almost any other physician. The author highlighted towards the damage which lying does to the doctor, to the therapeutic relationship and the medical professional. The demand for strict truthfulness from the patients of ICU often tends to jeopardize the entire authority. However, based on the clinical context, especially in ICU it can be clearly argued that this concept is wrong in most of the consequences. It can be assumed that less than full disclosure of all the negative possibilities, which might contribute to the actualizing of the possibilities. It can be often argued that since there are so many medical interventions available, it is obviously not wrong to disclose the truth to a patient when the motive of the medical practitioner is to justify continued intervention (Ubel, 2013). Moreover, in case of concerning ones own failures from the personal benefit of a medical practitioner, lying to a patient can be justified. Often it can be observed that the medical practitioners and nurses of the ICU tend to support truth-telling strategies, which seem to get displayed by a cruel venture to the patient. Thus, the parameter of intelligence, sensitivity, compassion and commitment need to be analyzed by the health practitioners. Moreover, when a patient is subjected to high tech tertiary care facility, such as ICCU then it is often observed that the medical practitioner often registers the issue of decisions making. Apart from the parameter of decision-making, the factor of choosing the right person for disclosing the consequence often becomes a challenging situation for the medical practitioner. Thus, on such scenario it can be argued that the truths need to be disclosed to a certain level unless there is no opportunity for the health practitioner to reveal the fact. Traditionally, it is observed that the doctor is alone responsible for all the communication. Thus, systemic handling of the communication parameter should be assessed in order to prevent from effective consequences. However, nowadays it is often observed that the social workers along with the nurses associated to the ICU department are found to be responsible for truthful communication with the patients and their family (Green, 2015). As most of the employees associated to the health care institutions are found bounded to institutional policies (which includes the Patients Bill of Rights), coordination of truth telling is also more of a problem. It can be stated that a professional obligation often tend to link the patients autonomy. In such a situation, the autonomists tend to refer to as full disclose of the consequence. It can be stated that this is not sufficient to tell only a partial truth. The radial associated to the patient autonomy focuses in eliminating the nurse or physical discretion or requires the fact that every fact should be revealed as only the patient can determine what s appropriate to the context. The other principles include non-malfeasance, beneficence and confidentiality need to be given minimal considerations into subordinate obligations. Often the autonomists insist regarding the full disclosure, which usually set aside questions about the uncertainties, which permeate the clinical context. Nevertheless, the medical diagnose along with the following therapeutic regimes rarely matter of the mathematical certainty. The psychiatric diagnoses of the ICU chamber tend to develop from the hypotheses which are then tested through the contusing symptom evaluation. These are carefully watched for the response of the therapeutic interventions. However, several questions still arises regarding the uncertainties of doctors and patients. The effective questions related to this context are as follows: Does every feasible hypothesis requires disclose to a patient? Is every bit of data about a disease or therapy to be considered information to be disclosed? On a general note, it can be argued that relative certainties along with realistic uncertainties tend to belong within the honest disclosure of the requirements. This is mainly due to the fact that they qualify as information which a reasonable and efficient person needs to know to manifest right health care decisions. However, the reasonable and efficient persons do not want full disclosure, even when the fact can be disclosed, or is feasible to disclose by the health professionals. This is required for prompt and effective decision-making in order to implement right health care decision. However, reasonable and significant person do not want full disclosure of the information, even when it is found to be feasible (Toombs, 2013). Thereby in such cases, telling the truth in the practice of clinical factor can be considered as an ethical obligation, but determining the factor which constitutes the truth needs clinical judgment. Autonomy cannot be the only principle, which needs to be involved (Donnelly Psirides, 2015). The factor of autonomy cannot be considered as the sole principle involved in this context. The truth need to be linked with the beneficence along with justice and protection of the community. The concept of ethics associated to a dying patient of ICU unit also needs to be analyzed significantly. It can be clearly stated that no one could pretend to speaker for every patient in every context, but on a general note, truth need not be disclosed. For example, when a patient suffering from cancer and admitted to ICU should be denied from attending any bad news regarding. Many argue that the patient should be informed about their health consequence, even if has a very fatal information (Christensen Probst, 2012). However, it can be stated that this might depress their moral to a huge extent, which is not appropriate at that time. The patient might resist from further diagnosis, due to mental retardation. Hence, it can be clearly argued that the truth should not be disclosed completely to such a patient who need significant medication program. Without the disclosure of the truth in a dying situation, patients are likely to be subjected to aggressive treatments which would turn the dying to a more painful, dehumanizing and expensive protocol. It is considered as a kind of a situation, which contributes towards the increasing support for the enthused movement. Most of the patients are found to be rightfully afraid regarding knowing the truth regarding their medical condition and therefore would die only after a futile interventions, dehumanizing isolation and protracted suffering. On the other hand, it can be clearly assumed that the benefits of being told truth may be considered substantial. An example of the situation is the improvement of pain management, improvised response therapies, etc. However, based on the above parameters regarding the positive aspects of disclosing the truth, one can clearly argue regarding its negative aspects, which is much more effective and significant. It can be analyzed that truth telling associated to every clinical context must be sensitive and thereby taken into consideration of patients personality along with patients clinical history. In the complex situation, it is quite difficult to draw a line between violation of truth and truth disclosure. Most of the reasons might be advances in order to justify the situation significantly. The medical practitioners to monitor the consequence can efficiently follow not telling the complete truth (Baggs et al., 2012). However, filtering the truth that needs to be disclosed and keeping confidential that needs to be assessed by the medical practitioner is significant in order to pursue effectiveness in decision-making. The factors of outright are rarely excusable. Something less than the full or th e factor of complete truth is almost inevitable. From this viewpoint, it can be stated that a reliable and dignified is not just goof at prescribing efficient medicine or has a decent approach, but also possess a good judgmental skill in deciding on the principle of truth telling, especially in the context of ICU critical patients. An efficient medical practitioner would definitely help in minimizing these parameters of uncertainties that are commonly found to be associated to the ICU patients by focusing on this principle of truth telling. Thus, a complete argument of the paper regarding the relationship of doctor and patient should be based on trust, and not be influenced by insensitive communication factors. References List Baggs, J. G., Schmitt, M. H., Prendergast, T. J., Norton, S. A., Sellers, C. R., Quinn, J. R., Press, N. (2012). Who is attending? End-of-life decision making in the intensive care unit.Journal of palliative medicine,15(1), 56-62. Christensen, M., Probst, B. (2015). Barbara's story: a thematic analysis of a relative's reflection of being in the intensive care unit.Nursing in critical care,20(2), 63-70. Donnelly, S. M., Psirides, A. (2015). Relatives and staffs experience of patients dying in ICU.QJM,108(12), 935-942. Ford, D. W., Koch, K. A., Ray, D. E., Selecky, P. A. (2013). Palliative and end-of-life care in lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.CHEST Journal,143(5_suppl), e498S-e512S. Goldacre, B. (2014).Bad pharma: how drug companies mislead doctors and harm patients. Macmillan. Green, D. (2015). An Assessment Of The Therapeutic Fib: The Ethical And Emotional Role Of Therapeutic Lying In The Caregiving Of Alzheimer's Disease Patients By Non-Medical Caregivers. Ilan, R., LeBaron, C. D., Christianson, M. K., Heyland, D. K., Day, A., Cohen, M. D. (2012). Handover patterns: an observational study of critical care physicians.BMC health services research,12(1), 1. Kalra, J., Kalra, N., Baniak, N. (2013). Medical error, disclosure and patient safety: A global view of quality care.Clinical biochemistry,46(13), 1161-1169. Karlsson, V., Bergbom, I. (2015). ICU professionals experiences of caring for conscious patients receiving MVT.Western journal of nursing research,37(3), 360-375. Peden-McAlpine, C., Liaschenko, J., Traudt, T., Gilmore-Szott, E. (2015). Constructing the story: How nurses work with families regarding withdrawal of aggressive treatment in ICUA narrative study.International journal of nursing studies,52(7), 1146-1156. Quill, C. M., Sussman, B. L., Quill, T. E. (2015). Palliative Care, Ethics, and the Law in the Intensive Care Unit.Critical care nursing clinics of North America,27(3), 383-394. Tembo, A. C., Higgins, I., Parker, V. (2015). The experience of communication difficulties in critically ill patients in and beyond intensive care: Findings from a larger phenomenological study.Intensive and Critical Care Nursing,31(3), 171-178. Toombs, S. K. (2013).The meaning of illness: A phenomenological account of the different perspectives of physician and patient(Vol. 42). Springer Science Business Media. Trankle, S. A. (2014). Is a good death possible in Australian critical and acute settings?: physician experiences with end-of-life care.BMC palliative care,13(1), 41. Ubel, P. A. (2013). Can Patients in the United States Become Savvy Health Care Consumers.NCL Rev.,92, 1749. Wade, D. M., Brewin, C. R., Howell, D. C., White, E., Mythen, M. G., Weinman, J. A. (2015). Intrusive memories of hallucinations and delusions in traumatized intensive care patients: An interview study.British journal of health psychology,20(3), 613-631.

Youth Nonformal Vocational and Technical Education free essay sample

In 1974 the Ministry of Education developed nonformal vocational programs to serve out-of-school youths and adults. In respect of policy measures and institutional reforms, the purpose of adult/youth and nonformal education is to provide an opportunity to those who were unable to avail themselves of formal educational opportunities. The objective is to provide vocational training, along with basic literacy and numeracy skills, so that each individual can participate and contribute more effectively to his/her well-being, and to society. Such adult/youth and nonformal vocational technical education is conducted on a nonformal basis through programs offered by Rural Education Centers, School of Appropriate Farm Technology, Manzini Industrial Training Center, to name a few. The following comprise some of the major adult/youth nonformal vocational and technical education training centers. Manzini Industrial Training Center-Emakhonweni As a result of the pressing need for vocational and technical skills training as an alternative form of education, Manzini Industrial Training Center (MITC) was established with the aim of giving its trainees useful and practical skills in a trade or craft which may help them find a job upon completion. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Nonformal Vocational and Technical Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The MITC provides skills training for unemployed youth between the ages of 18 and 25 years. These are out-of-school youth who are at risk. Fundamental to the program is the acquisition of basic vocational skills which will enable a young person to earn his/her own living whether by self- or waged employment. In most of the courses offered at the Center, upon completion of the two year course in basic skills, the trainees take the relevant Swaziland Government Trade Test-Grade III with the intention of going on to Government Trade Test level-Grade II. This enables those who have not had the opportunity to complete high school (grade 12) to obtain a qualification which is recognized for pay purposes, in the wage employment sector. However, for those trainees whose desire is to become self-employed, they can apply for placement in the Business Management Extension Program (BMEP), a one year course which offers facilities and training, under the sheltered workshop concept, to prospective entrepreneurs. The MITC has an enrollment of over 200 trainees receiving skills training in 13 reas. Agriculture, Sewing, and Upholstery are one year courses in duration whereas Building, Carpentry, Electrical, Metal Work, Motor Mechanics, Plumbing, Printing, Panel Beating, Small Engine Repair, and Spray Painting are two years in duration. The approach employed in the training utilizes a combination of on the job training and theory lectures. Remaining as the principal training approach is Training through production (Manzini Industrial Training Center, Annual Report 1990/91). Business Management Extension Program In 1986 the management of Manzini Industrial Training Center (MITC) established the Business Management Extension Program (BMEP). BMEP is an indigenous small enterprise development project set up to combat the problem of unemployed youth who have already acquired vocational technical skills. With a grant from United States Agency for International Development (USAID), an administration building, warehouse, and eight workshops were built. BMEP is a unique institution in Swaziland that fills a specific niche: training and technical assistance for small and microbusinesses and the development of new enterprises (Gamedze, 1993, Personal interview). BMEPs mission is to promote small enterprise development by providing trade and business skills training, individual business consultancy, and financial assistance to persons who are matured, have job experience and vocational skills, work for themselves full-time, and exhibit entrepreneurial traits. The mission statement contributes to the goal of increasing employment generated by Swazi-owned and/or managed section of the economy and expand the Swazi-owned or managed small business sector. (Gamedze, 1993, Personal interview). The primary goal of BMEP is to assist its clients in transforming income generating activities into small business enterprises which are operated as viable economic entities. In doing so, BMEP seeks to improve its clients ability to produce quality products/services and to effectively manage their business activities. BMEP is governed by a Board of Directors; however the day to day operations are the responsibility of the Director assisted by a program manager responsible for training and extension, and a finance manager who oversees the functions of the organization and administration of the loan scheme. BMEP extension officers are serving a total of 94 clients. They provide business assistance to 47 clients who also have received loans, 16 clients who are receiving business assistance only, and 31 clients who are in the assessment phase. BMEP is providing business assistance to 7 tenants in the BMEP sheltered workshops (Gamedze, 1993). BMEP has established relationships and linkages with other organizations that are involved in some kind of economic/business activities, and therefore identified areas of specific need for BMEPs assistance. BMEP has formed strong linkages with other organizations involved in both urban and rural economic/business activities. These include among others: Women in Development (WID), Rural Education Centers (REC), Swaziland Farmers Development Foundation (SFDF). BMEP has established good relationships with financial institutions (e. g. , commercial banks) in which their representatives participate in BMEP training sessions and workshops as resource persons (Gamedze, 1993). Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center The Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center is an institution with an agricultural focus but supported by four other technical training programs, namely, Carpentry, Building and Construction, Motor Mechanics, and Metal Work. The Center had its first intake in 1992/93. When the Center is in full swing, a business management program to develop entrepreneurial skill will be put in place. Aimed at the youth usually referred to as street kids who are at risk, which includes the underprivileged, the unemployed, the educationally and socially disadvantaged, and school dropouts; the Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center (NASTC) has given the youth of Swaziland another lease on life (Malan, 1992). This recently constructed skills training center offers training over a duration of two years. Modeled after the Manzini Industrial Training Center (MITC), the Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center (NASTC) has the objective of training people toward self-employment or earning a wage in the agricultural sector of the economy. The establishment of such a center that provides on-the-job training in Swaziland is of significance in that it plays a major role in promoting self-sufficiency among young people. On the other hand, the underprivileged young persons, those with limited formal education, are catered for in so far as skill acquisition is concerned.